are any suite of complex organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and other elements or heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, which are found in crude oils, bitumen, petroleum source rock and eventually show simplification in molecular structure from the parent organic molecules found in all living organisms (can be related to a known biological precursor)
Example: "These schemes are based heavily on alteration of biomarker compounds; however, much of the commercially significant changes in oil properties occur before significant alteration of cyclic biomarker hydrocarbons takes place."
Head, I. M., Jones, D. M., & Larter, S. R. (2003). Biological activity in the deep subsurface and the origin of heavy oil. Nature, 426(6964), 344–352. doi:10.1038/nature02134
en: биомаркер
degrader
noun
a thing that lowers the quality or character or value.
Example: "the search for a microbe with outstanding degrading capability is imperative due to the nature of hydrocarbons as pollutants."
Ławniczak, Ł., Woźniak-Karczewska, M., Loibner, A. P., Heipieper, H. J., & Chrzanowski, Ł. (2020). Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons—Basic Principles for Bioremediation: A Review. Molecules, 25(4), 856. doi:10.3390/molecules25040856
en: разрушитель
environmental
adjective
relating to or caused by the surroundings in which someone lives or something exists.
Example: "The results are interpreted in terms of the kerogen type, maturity and depositional environment of the two horizons."
[1]
Z. C. C. Da Silva and C. Cornford, “The kerogen type, depositional environment and maturity, of the Irati Shale, Upper Permian of Paraná Basin, Southern Brazil,” Organic Geochemistry, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 399–411, Jan. 1985, doi: 10.1016/0146-6380(85)90018-x.
en: относящийся к окружающей среде
lacustrine
adjective
relating to or associated with lakes.
Example: "Chemical structure changes of lacustrine Type-II kerogen under semi-open pyrolysis as investigated by solid-state 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy.."
Hou, L., Ma, W., Luo, X., Tao, S., Guan, P., & Liu, J. (2020). Chemical structure changes of lacustrine Type-II kerogen under semi-open pyrolysis as investigated by solid-state 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 116, 104348. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104348
en: озёрный
outcrop
noun
a rock formation that is visible on the surface.
Example: "The Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks developed in six outcrop profiles in the Kalpin area."
[1]
A. Ma et al., “Geochemical characteristics of Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks in the Kalpin outcrop profiles and marine oil-source correlation, Tarim Basin, NW China,” Journal of Natural Gas Geoscience, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 143–155, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jnggs.2020.04.001.
en: обнажение горной породы (выход горной породы на поверхность)
weathering
noun
is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earths surface.
Example: "Pyrite and organic matter (OM) paly important role during rock chemical weathering and shale gas exploitation"
[1]
D. Liu, M. Yi, S. Yang, F. Liu, and Y. Li, “Performance and mechanism of the pyrite-kerogen complexes oxidation with H2O2 at low temperature during shale stimulation: An experimental and modeling study,” Applied Geochemistry, vol. 143, p. 105382, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105382
